ETS Praxis School Psychology Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• What is the primary problem associated with using local norms to evaluate a program?
• Assessments validated and standardized in the student's native language contribute to fair evaluation. This statement is:
• Which type of measurement is used to assess a student's level of mastery?
• During a psychoeducational assessment, a student reveals he is gay. What is the professional responsibility of the school psychologist?
• In evaluating Jia Li's concerns, what is the best next step for the school psychologist?
• On the advice of the school psychologist, a teacher is trying to minimize the occurrence of a student's behavioral outbursts by ignoring the behavior. The teacher is using which of the following techniques?
• Andres has frequent lateness, falls asleep in class, and is failing reading and math. The school psychologist believes the best way to help him is to foster home-school collaboration. Which activity could address the family level?
• Systematic desensitization is categorized as which type of therapy?
• Which characteristic is NOT used to form strata in the described stratified sampling?
• Before consulting with teachers about a Tier 3 intervention, what is the ethical obligation to parents?
• The presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 is most often associated with what characteristic?
• To assist his students in becoming self-regulated learners, Mr. Zhang wants to teach them self-correcting techniques. Which of the following is the most effective strategy for Mr. Zhang to use to achieve this goal?
• Which seventh-grade student demonstrates intrinsic motivation?
• Measures of central tendency are best described as:
• Which of the following intervention strategies emphasizes manipulating antecedents to assist in decreasing disruptive classroom behavior?
• A curriculum accommodation that uses equipment or a set of products to allow access to or enhance the learning of students with disabilities is best described as:
• To reduce bullying on campus, in buses, and in bus waiting areas, intervention should target which group?
• Which term describes the short-term crisis framework that emphasizes immediate practical support and emotional reassurance?
• Which scenario illustrates observer drift?
• Family Systems Theory emphasizes the basic tenets of ______ include the acknowledgment of changeable behavior as determined by context rather than rigid traits, as well as the recognition that events that affect one member of the family system in some way affect the other members, too.
• The principal for a Title I school informs the school psychologist that instead of trying to identify children at risk for reading problems in kindergarten, she wants to focus on first-grade students who may be at risk. What is the most likely explanation for why the principal wants to identify students in the first grade?
• Based on research, which cognitive function has an important impact on performance across reading, math, and language domains?
• What does the standard error of measurement determine?
• The first step in planning program evaluation in a school setting is to describe what?
• The assessment scenario in which a translator is used to obtain developmental and social history and to assess multiple domains, while considering the impact of the student’s values and beliefs, is best described as which type of assessment?
• School-community partnerships are designed to enhance what outcome?
• Which type of consultation model is illustrated when breaking a problem into subordinate objectives like reducing fear responses in Jay?
• In Miguel’s situation, which initial step would likely yield the most favorable outcome?
• What is the most effective method for bridging cultural gaps in a new area?
• Norm-referenced assessments principally provide comparisons to which group?
• Which data should the school psychologist consider to identify which students are most at risk of dropping out?
• Which term describes acquiring the cultural traits of a dominant group?
• What term describes establishing and maintaining productive working relationships between families and schools to facilitate student learning?
• Which feature best describes a key design characteristic of the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT)?
• A fourth-grade student with a severe intellectual disability is being evaluated for educational planning. Which additional assessment would be most useful to the IEP team?
• According to United States Census Bureau projections, which minority group is expected to be the largest among school-age students in 2050?
• Which description best explains causal thinking?
• According to NASP 'School Family Partnering to Enhance Learning: Essential Elements and Responsibilities,' which of the following is most accurate concerning school-family partnerships?
• Systematic desensitization was developed to address which type of problem?
• School climate is best determined by which of the following?
• A school psychologist uses stratified random sampling to study a program and uses a well-researched measure before and after the intervention. Which statement about the study's validity is true?
• According to John Salvia and James Ysseldyke, which of the following is a matter of experiential background rather than a matter of gender, skin color, race, or ethnic background?
• To help prevent a school crisis, a school psychologist should:
• Which data pattern should guide a school psychologist to implement mentoring programs for at-risk students?
• The cognitive ability of conservation is defined as:
• Why is it important to address bystanders in bullying prevention?
• Which law prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in providing any aid, benefit, or service, either directly or through contractual arrangements?
• The 'less-is-more' hypothesis in language development argues that young children's language learning is aided by:
• Which characteristic is commonly associated with Down syndrome?
• In Dodge's processing model, what sequence describes how social information is handled?
• Which term describes the ethical concern when a professional relationship could harm impartiality due to personal connections with a family involved?
• If the standard error of measurement increases, what happens to the width of the confidence interval around an observed score?
• NASP recommends collaboration with schools and families to form and maintain effective partnerships by which components?
• An observed increase in one-on-one direct service hours is most plausibly due to which outcome?
• In a team evaluating a new learning intervention across schools, the school psychologist's role of maintaining the database and performing data analysis is best described as which function?
• When selecting a screening instrument for anxiety and depression for high school students, the lowest acceptable reliability should be
• In child therapy, the primary goal of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is to teach a child:
• Which statement best describes the primary aim of proactive classroom management?
• Observer drift is defined as which of the following?
• Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate when a distribution is skewed, as in the example with extreme scores?
• What is required when using computer-assisted scoring and interpretation programs in school psychology?
• Which issue is most closely associated with fair, equal, and proper treatment of all persons irrespective of ethnic origin, gender, possessions, race, or religion?
• External validity in program evaluation refers to generalizability to other settings, populations, and times.
• When forming a school-wide task force to address declining grades, which stakeholders should be included?
• Cumulative cognitive deficit (CCD) risk is highest for which childhood experience?
• The ______ is based on psychoanalytic theory. It focuses on the feelings of the consultee or client and how those feelings affect the situation.
• What is the best initial action for working with Michael, an eighth grader with ELL needs and a history of transitions?
• Based on Emma's classroom behavior described as encircling herself with desks and shouting 'This will keep them out!', Emma is likely exhibiting symptoms of which disorder?
• In culturally responsive assessment, which practice supports effective communication with families who speak a language different from the district’s majority language?
• Interpreting retention and dropout data, what is an appropriate action for the school psychologist?
• Assessments that evaluate each student in relation to a reference group are called what?
• In school screening, which statement best describes the role of a screening instrument?
• Jacob is a third-grade student with a specific learning disability and a language impairment, receiving services in both regular and special education classrooms. His placement best reflects which concept?
• The margin of error to be expected in an individual's test score as a result of the degree of reliability in the test is known as
• In the mental health consultation model, what is true?
• Which type of thinking involves generating unrelated solutions to a problem?
• A district pilots a new math instruction program in one school; during the pilot, teachers in other schools continue with the old method and student scores improve. Which phenomenon best explains this change?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the components of Project ACHIEVE?
• What does the paradox of school psychology emphasize?
• Given that a student demonstrates slow progress in English but progress in conversational fluency, what is a prudent next step in LD evaluation?
• Which component of reading fluency is primarily targeted by fluency-focused interventions?
• What statistical method combines results across multiple studies addressing the same question?
• Which of the following is NOT an indirect behavior assessment?
• A common challenge for school psychologists assessing infants and toddlers is:
• In keeping with best practices, what should the school psychologist do first concerning the test results when there is no court order restricting custody?
• Which statement best characterizes social justice in school psychology practice?
• What is a major advantage of standardized norm-referenced assessments compared to curriculum-based assessments?
• A student exhibits social-communication impairments, restricted interests, repetitive behaviors; which disability is most consistent?
• School psychologists can most effectively increase cultural competence in assessment and intervention by:
• When parents ask about an ADHD self-management intervention, the best course is to:
• Data showing improvement in conversational English but not academic English indicates which type of support is needed?
• For a district-wide evaluation of bullying prevention programs at multiple levels, which analysis is most appropriate?
• Which of the following is an example of observer drift?
• Which assessment approach is designed to measure a student's progress toward the specific objectives of the current curriculum?
• A student who never talks during class, lunch, or recess but talks at home with immediate family: what should be the psychologist's first step?
• Which statement about the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition (KBIT-2) is most accurate?
• In systems theory, replacing a school's principal is likely to affect every part of the system because of what phenomenon?
• A preschool student frequently pushes other students off the playground equipment because he does not know how to ask politely if he can take a turn to play. This student exhibits what type of social skills deficit?
• Which statement best describes the role of two-way communication in school-family partnerships?
• Based on data showing slow but steady progress in conversational English while academic English remains below grade level, what is an appropriate next step?
• Which of the following is a way a school psychologist can promote social justice?
• What intervention is most effective at facilitating the education of gifted students?
• A school psychologist with limited experience with English-language learners seeks professional education resources and asks if the case should be reassigned. This concern primarily reflects which professional issue?
• According to NASP Principles for Professional Ethics, what is the most appropriate course of action when a parent who is married to a teacher asks a school psychologist for private therapy?
• A culturally appropriate learning disability evaluation for an English-language learner should include which components?
• To ensure a comprehensive Tier 3 review, which activity should the team perform?
• Which description best captures the essence of evidence-based practice in school psychology?
• Which of the following best describes the prereferral intervention team (PIT) expertise?
• In Michael's case, which factor related to language and culture could influence assessment?
• Which statement best describes intrinsic motivation?
• What is the primary role of a culture broker in a school setting?
• A principal wants to evaluate whether a new math curriculum improves math achievement. Which evaluation method is most effective?
• In Caplan's consultee-centered case consultation, what is the consultant primarily concerned with?
• Which measure of central tendency is least affected by outliers in a skewed distribution?
• Which of the following best describes the purpose and use of curriculum-based measurement (CBM)?
• According to NASP, current literature on grade retention resulting from high‑stakes testing and accountability measures takes which position?
• Academic success and positive classroom behavior are most enhanced by collaboration between which settings?
• Which is the most appropriate Tier 3 intervention for students at highest risk of dropout?
• What is the best practice for obtaining feedback after a training session on ADHD criteria?
• According to the American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, when a psychologist obtains permission from parents to assess a child, the school psychologist is complying with which principle?
• In a team evaluating a new learning intervention used in multiple elementary schools, which tool is most useful for maintaining a database and performing data analysis?
• The statement 'we can be 95% confident that the true score falls within the range 89–100' illustrates which concept?
• Acculturation is defined as
• Dr. Jantz notes that one-on-one direct service hours nearly doubled over five years. Which statements are plausible explanations for this change?
• Which is the best evidence-based strategy to promote home-school collaboration?
• In normative-developmental assessment, the performance is interpreted relative to which comparison group?
• Which of the following is the fifth step in Karl Slaikeu's psychological first aid crisis approach?
• Which option correctly identifies a problem-solving skill related to adjustment?
• Connor, a first grader who lives with his mother, aunt, and teenage cousin Brian, is exposed to aggression at home. Because of this home situation, Connor will most likely be
• According to the managing complex change model, the five components are vision, skills, incentives, resources, and an action plan. If resources are not present, the outcome is likely to be?
• The school psychologist describes sampling as selecting participants based on race/ethnicity, free lunch status, gender, and three academic performance categories. What sampling method is this?
• Kelly is a 5-year-old with hearing impairment and an intellectual disability; she uses minimal speech and signs. Which measure of general intelligence is most appropriate to use with Kelly?
• A teacher proposes exempting students from some homework to read more books. This behavior-modification technique is best described as:
• In the initial phase of psychological first aid, what is a core action?
• In the scenario where a student on ESOL shows progress in conversational English but academic English lags, and parents request an evaluation for a learning disability, what is the most appropriate response?
• In Slaikeu's crisis approach, which step follows the step of identifying and expressing thoughts and emotions, exploring the problem, and identifying solutions?
• In Kenneth Dodge's model of social information processing, a shove, a smile, and an invitation to join a game are examples of which major unit of social interaction?
• In a conservation task, a student is shown a ball of clay. A teacher flattens the ball of clay and asks the student if there is more, less, or the same amount of clay. This demonstrates:
• What type of test score is the number of points earned on a test?
• Regarding advocacy and public policy efforts to address poverty, which statement is true?
• Which characteristic defines a culturally appropriate cognitive assessment for an English-language learner?
• Competence enhancement approaches are very effective for preventing substance abuse in schools because they
• What is the most effective way for a school psychologist to encourage parental involvement in student learning?
• What is the recommended initial method for improving cultural competence in school psychology practice?
• Which statement accurately reflects a psychometric property important for a screening instrument?
• When presenting information about ADHD diagnostic criteria at a teacher in‑service, what is the best way to obtain feedback about the presentation?
• Which statement best reflects best practice for evaluating English-language learners for learning disabilities in terms of assessment language?
• Which of the following is the best example of providing culturally competent services?
• After universal screening in reading shows 31% below the district standard, the school psychologist should:
• If the results of research are determined to be statistically significant, which statement is true?
• Which teaching approach promotes high levels of academic engagement and prevents off-task and disruptive behaviors?
• What is the primary purpose of evaluating an entire school psychology program?
• A fifth-grade student participates in a reading intervention where he rereads a passage aloud (about 100 to 200 words) and the teacher provides a word for misreadings or hesitations over five seconds. The passage is reread until very few errors occur. This intervention is intended to remediate which construct?
• An alternative school is most appropriate for which students?
• Arnold Gesell contributed to school psychology by devising prototypical normative assessments of infants and young children.
• Which CTOPP-2 subtest assesses rapid naming of digits?
• A kindergarten teacher reports Jill has difficulty interacting with peers; after observation, the psychologist determines she has not developed adequate social skills. Which strategy should be implemented to help Jill?
• Nonverbal cognitive assessments minimize language demands in evaluations for English-language learners. This statement is:
• The description of Karen's test score stating that the true score lies within a 95% range (89–100) on any given day is an example of which psychometric concept?
• Which statement is true when considering the use of assistive technology to enhance learning opportunities for students with disabilities?
• Elizabeth’s teacher suspects boredom and asks how the school psychologist should respond. The best approach is to:
• Which statement best describes normative-developmental assessment?
• Covert rehearsal involves mentally simulating responses to social situations:
• All of the following are assets of the Differential Ability Scales‑II (DAS‑II) EXCEPT which option?
• What is the average scaled score on CTOPP-2 subtests with mean 10 and standard deviation 3?
• Which statement best describes how cultural brokers differ from community liaisons?
• Which term describes in-depth research on one or a few participants using observations, interviews, and psychological testing?
• For Nonnative English-language learners, what is the best way to increase the comprehensibility of instruction?
• Which ethical principle is emphasized by NASP to avoid conflicts and maintain professional boundaries when supervising practicum students?
• Which thinking involves awareness of intermediate steps required to achieve a goal?
• Direct observation can best be described as which of the following?
• Which data or assessment approach is most appropriate for measuring progress over time in response to an academic intervention?
• If a subtest T-score is 60, what does this indicate relative to the mean of 50 with a standard deviation of 10?
• Ethan is a first grader with frequent outbursts and social difficulties. Which special education eligibility category best fits his profile?
• Which law specifically addresses the confidentiality of student educational records and access to those records?
• Which of the following best captures the Bandura concept most central to social cognitive theory?
• In the reading progress study, how often were progress checks conducted annually?
• In a study comparing two first-grade classes, which statistical procedure is appropriate for comparing their mean oral reading fluency scores?
• Which approach aligns with best practices when assessing an English-language learner for a possible learning disability?
• In problem-solving consultation to reduce how often a child refuses to follow instructions, the first step should be to
• In the scenario of divorced parents with a request not to share reevaluation results, what is the best initial step for the psychologist regarding education records if there is no court order restricting sharing?
• Which of the following strategies can teachers use to increase resilience in students?
• Which intervention strategy emphasizes manipulating antecedents to assist in decreasing disruptive classroom behavior?
• Which measure is used in universal screening to track reading progress?
• Which statement about Tier 2 interventions is correct?
• Ms. Mason wants to ensure cultural sensitivity in a Haitian-population area. What is the most effective way to bridge the cultural gap?
• Which universal intervention strategy is used to prevent violent and destructive behavior in schools?
• Which statement best aligns with crisis prevention practices in schools?
• NASP ethics require what regarding test forms when a district wants to save costs?
• Adaptive behavior assessment data are most useful for informing which type of supports in an IEP?
• A subtest T-score of 50 on an intellectual ability measure indicates what about the distribution?
• School psychologists working in culturally diverse schools must do what regarding their own cultural influences?
• An individual or group acquires the cultural traits of a dominant group through the process of
• Crisis team: students most likely to experience traumatic stress reactions after a school-associated crisis are those who
• When interpreting results from computer-assisted scoring, what is expected of the school psychologist?
• Which professional is most central to coordinating mentoring initiatives and monitoring progress of at-risk students?
• In evaluating behavior concerns such as a child who frequently leaves her seat, which observational data are relevant?
• When evaluating a curriculum's effectiveness, which design element helps protect against bias if random assignment is not possible?
• A fourth-grade student from a highly authoritarian education background will likely need support in which area?
• Competence enhancement approaches focus on teaching what type of skills?
• Expertise in which areas is most relevant to school psychologists participating on prereferral intervention teams (PITs)?
• Kelly's CTOPP-2 results: which statement best describes relationship between overall ability and phonological processing?
• Which thinking involves identifying what may happen as a direct result of acting in a particular way?
• In a social-skills program, a psychologist has children imagine they are being teased and consider how they would respond. This is an example of which type of rehearsal?
• NASP states that supervising school psychologists of a district must
• Ms. Norton is a new school psychologist who is concerned about her cultural competence. What is the best action for her to take?
• A fourth-grade teacher approaches the school psychologist to discuss Ben, who has difficulty initiating writing assignments to the point where his grades are falling. The psychologist suggests that Ben might benefit from working with a small group to practice using graphic organizers. This instructional strategy is referred to as
• Which of the following statistical procedures systematically combines data from multiple studies that focus on the same question and use similar variables?
• Which option is NOT a NASP-recommended component of effective school-family partnerships?
• In a multimethod model of assessment, child interviews are most helpful for which purpose?
• During interpretation of assessment results, the possible impact of a student’s values, attitudes, and beliefs should be considered. This principle best reflects:
• A policy violation occurs when a school restricts a student with a disability from using the computer lab.
• A school psychologist is supervising the work experience of a practicum student. As a part of supervisory responsibilities, the school psychologist will also be conducting an end-of-semester evaluation of the student's knowledge and skills. As the semester progresses, the school psychologist and student realize they are developing an attraction to each other. The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) Principles for Professional Ethics indicate that
• According to family systems theory, as students become more differentiated from other family members, they become...
• Tier 3 instruction is best described as which type of intervention?
• The Good Behavior Game is an example of what type of intervention?
• In MTSS, when a student shows both academic difficulties and off-task behavior, what is the initial step?
• A reasonable accommodation for students with writing difficulties in a general education setting is to use what tool?
• NASP posits that partnerships are created through which processes?
• In the managing complex change model, besides vision, skills, incentives, and resources, what is the fifth component?
• What best characterizes the focus of a behavioral model of school intervention?
• Following the steps of exploring the victim's problem and identifying possible solutions, which step comes next?